Projects

This project aims to foster children’s digital and AI literacy and promote their rights and safety in digital environments across the Western Balkans, with a particular focus on Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Grounded in principles of inclusion, ethics, and empowerment, the initiative responds to the urgent need for structured, rights-based digital education that reaches all children—especially those from marginalized and underrepresented groups. The project will empower children aged 8–18 with the knowledge and critical thinking needed to navigate the digital world safely and ethically, introducing key concepts such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and misinformation. Through a cascade Training-of-Trainers (ToT) model, over 250 educators will be equipped to deliver gender-sensitive, age-appropriate digital and AI education using an inclusive training curriculum and a co-designed Digital AI Literacy Toolkit. To ensure that children are not just passive recipients, the project will actively engage them as co-creators and campaigners, enabling them to lead awareness initiatives such as “My Digital Voice” and contribute to resource development. The approach will prioritize Universal Design for Learning (UDL) to close digital access gaps for girls, children with disabilities, rural youth, and those in institutional care. On the policy level, the project will drive change by producing a regional Policy Paper and organizing roundtables with ministries and digital stakeholders, advocating for the integration of children’s rights and ethical AI use into national education and child protection strategies. By combining local action with regional and EU-level dialogue, the project will build long-term capacities, promote cross-border collaboration, and contribute to a safer, fairer digital future for all children in the Western Balkans and beyond.

The complexity of an urban water collection system, which includes wastewater, rainwater and drainage water, can be expressed in the length and connections of pipelines, the use of pumping stations or various collection tanks and tunnels, the consumer profile (domestic wastewater or industrial wastewater), the inflow of rainwater, the use of pre-treatment plants, etc. Therefore, there is a risk of unforeseen disturbances, which also results in odor nuisance. Large-scale and voluminous sewage networks are usually associated with a long residence time of wastewater before reaching the water treatment plant. Due to the long residence time, water pollution can be carried into the air through mixing processes in the pipeline and exit from sewage wells. Sewage gases can cause disturbances because unpleasant odors significantly affect the living and working environment and pose a threat to human health. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a well-known irritant in the human respiratory tract. This gas has an unpleasant odor that is recognizable to humans as a rotten egg. One of the main goals of this project is to investigate the spread of hydrogen sulfide in urban sewage networks and to explain its effects in densely populated urban areas and on underground pipeline structures.

The project aims to investigate and compile a report on men’s responses to diversity interventions and gender equality practices in Nordic workplaces.

The overall objective of the original CHIRALFORCE project is to demonstrate enantiomer separation in a compact, on-chip, photonic platform that is fabricated using standard silicon-based technology. This CHIRALFORCE2 hop-on project enhances the original project by providing automated in-line platform for the analysis of chiral separation for this CHIRALFORCE photonic chip. Separation of enantiomers from mixtures is essential, especially in early phase drug discovery processes when many mixtures need to be separated. CHIRALFORCE aims to revolutionize the field of chiral chemistry by introducing a radically new strategy for separating enantiomers by using chiral optical forces in silicon-based photonic integrated waveguides to separate enantiomers. The successful implementation of CHIRALFORCE project (development of separator chip) relies on fast and accurate feedback on the enantiomer separation. However, current state-of-the art technologies for checking the enantiomer separation: e.g. circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy or High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) lack off-the shelf capabilities for rapid in-line separation monitoring that is needed in CHIRALFORCE project. CHIRALFORCE2 addresses this need by providing a platform for in-line monitoring of the chiral separation down-stream from the CHIRALFORCE separator chip. We use interdisciplinary approach combining automation, electronics, optics and IT disciplines. The monitoring of in-line chiral separation will be achieved by CD-spectrometry or absorbance detection depending on the microfluidic and optical requirements from CHIRALFORCE project. Both scenarios are supported by designated software for the signal analysis and feedback.

CRASHLESS aims at radically new cross-layer reliability and self-health awareness technology for tomorrow's intelligent autonomous systems and IoT edge devices in Estonia and EU. The enormous complexity of today's advanced cyber-physical systems and systems of systems is multiplied by their heterogeneity and the emerging computing architectures employing AI-based autonomy. The setups, such as autonomous swarms of robotic vehicles, are already on the doorstep and call for novel approaches for reliability across all the layers. Continuous self-health awareness and infrastructure for in-field self-healing are becoming an enabling factor for new IoT edge devices and systems on the way to market. The new deep-tech by CRASHLESS equips engineers with design-phase solutions and in-field instruments for industry-scale systems and, ultimately, facilitates the user experience of the system’s crashless operation. The results are to be validated in close collaboration with Estonian companies.

DNA replication is one of the major targets of cancer therapies, as cancer cells tend to proliferate faster than normal cells and are generally more prone to replication stress. Most of our current knowledge about DNA replication initiation, or origin firing, currently comes from model organisms, such as yeast, but their applicability to the human system is limited. It is important to study replication initiation in human cells in order to be able to exploit the findings in cancer therapies. The main objectives of this project are to identify novel players in various stages of human replication initiation and characterize the non-catalytic roles of DNA polymerase epsilon and protein Timeless in replisome assembly.

The environmental impact of the pharmaceutical industry is a huge problem. The production and use of pharmaceuticals cause high CO2 emissions, contamination of soils, biota, and water, and even dangers to human health through carcinogenic impurities. Especially the use of solvents is a major problem. The European Green Deal has led to strict regulations on environmental pollution by the pharma industry, causing manufacturers to move outside of the EU due to the high costs associated with green pharma. This results in supply chain fragility and low crisis preparedness in Europe. New methods to produce pharmaceuticals in a green, efficient, and economically friendly way are required. The IMPACTIVE project brings together the expertise and knowledge from two COST Actions and will develop novel green methods to produce active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using mechanochemistry as a disruptive technology (as acknowledged by IUPAC). Mechanochemistry uses mechanical processes, such as ball milling, twin-screw extrusion, resonant acoustic mixing, and spray drying, to induce chemical reactions. The advantages of mechanochemistry include: no solvent use, high efficiency, low costs, and reduced energy use and CO2 emission. Upon completion of the project, we will provide proof-of-concept at a small pilot scale of the use of mechanochemistry to produce 6 APIs from 3 different families of compounds. Based on a recent study, switching to mechanochemistry can reduce terrestrial ecotoxicity and CO2 emissions by more than 85%, while production costs were reduced with 12%. The results of the IMPACTIVE project will thus enable pharmaceutical manufacturers to move back to Europe while minimizing environmental pollution.Through our strong dissemination and communication strategy we will ensure that the project´s results are shared with scientists, the pharmaceutical industry, and stakeholders from regulatory and public authorities to achieve maximum impact.

Active mobility is an accessible, healthy and green mode of transport. In the BSR dark winters, with snow and rain, active mobility usage drops. To increase Year-Round Active Mobility (YRAM), suitable infrastructure and equipment must be in place, and citizens need to see it as an attractive and safe option. Public Authorities responsible for urban design, mobility planning and road maintenance do not currently give special consideration for YRAM. Out of tradition, mobility and road planning is still largely focused on cars, and cycling and walking planning typically targets daylight and warmer weather conditions. By learning about the benefits and opportunities through accessing new tools and evidence-based recommendations on YRAM, planners can implement the right interventions to increase AM use all year round, contributing to low carbon mobility systems. BATS supports local and regional authorities to design and implement policies, infrastructures and campaigns that effectively promote Year-Round Active Mobility (walking and cycling in adverse light and weather conditions). Our two solutions will be co-developed and tested in 7 BSR countries and transferred to neighbouring cities and regions. Solution 1: a YRAM Technical Toolkit, helps planners to Diagnose YRAM issues, develop Intervention Strategies and Monitor progress. Solution 2: a Citizen Activation Guide for YRAM helps planners understand and prioritise user groups and deploys effective campaigns to promote AM use.

The goal is to study new solutions & principles for electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with significantly improved metrological and functional characteristics, like higher measurement accuracy, resolution and speed, lower power consumption and wider frequency and dynamic ranges. New solutions enhance the existing and enable new applications of EIS in healthcare, biology and industries. The principles & solutions to measure biological & physiological properties of organs, tissues and microorganisms/pathogens, as well as of composites, alloys etc. are the subjects of the research. Unique low-cost low-power miniaturized high-resolution and flexible measurement components with various connectivity (IoT, BAN etc) will be created by new EIS groundings. An important R&D aspect is synchronous signal processing and communication in EIS sensor-arrays. Research aspects: sampling theory AI/ML) and metrology (eg novel calibration techniques, methods of implementation in biology and medicine.

Enhancers are short distal cis-regulatory DNA regions that drive expression of a gene. However, enhancers do not function exclusively as DNA entities. Activated enhancers are transcribed by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), which produces enhancer-derived RNAs (eRNAs). Production of eRNA creates additional trans-regulatory mechanisms facilitated by DNA-RNA, RNA-RNA, or protein-RNA interactions. Due to eRNAs’ fast degradation rates, and lack of robust and standardized sequencing methods, reports about the molecular nature of eRNA molecules and their processing are conflicting, making mechanisms of gene regulation by eRNA controversial. Even less is known about co- and post-transcriptional processing of eRNA. This project aims to overcome the controversy and fill the knowledge gap by studying a well-defined experimental system, cultured rat cortical neurons, and activation of immediate-early gene (IEG) response, perturbing the core eRNA endonuclease and combining this with eRNA-tailored sequencing, computational and biochemical methods. The developed integrative approach will reveal molecular features of eRNA molecules and their precursors genome-wide, opening the opportunity to study eRNA biogenesis to further understand molecular mechanisms behind the eRNA-mediated gene regulation.