Tõnis Timmusk

Neuraalne plastilisus on närvisüsteemi võime muuta vastusena stiimulitele oma aktiivsust, korraldades ümber oma struktuuri, funktsioone või ühendusi, olles seeläbi mälu peamine rakuline alus. Aktiivsusega reguleeritud geenid mängivad neuraalse plastilisuse kujunemisel üliolulist rolli ja selle protsessi häired põhjustavad erinevaid närvisüsteemi haiguseid. Neurotrofiin BDNF on üks kõige paremini uuritud aktiivsusega reguleeritud geene ja selle polümorfismid on seotud inimese kognitiivsete häiretega. Meie tulemused paigutavad aktiivsusega reguleeritud geenide hulka ka aluselise heeliks-ling-heeliks transkriptsioonifaktori TCF4, mis on seotud erinevate psühhiaatriliste ja autismi spektri häiretega. Käesoleva projekti eesmärk on uurida intellektipuude ja autism spektri häirete geeniregulatsiooni, keskendudes haigustega seotud transkriptsioonifaktoritele TCF4, SATB2, FOXP1 ja neurotrofiinile BDNF, et leida uusi ravimsihtmärke.

The OptimaMind project is focused on time-restricted-eating to enhance brain health and combat the challenges of ageing. Historically, human access to food was often sporadic, making intermittent fasting (alternatively called Time-Restricted Eating (TRE)) a natural part of life. This historical context sets the stage for understanding the potential benefits of TRE in modern times, especially in the context of cognitive health. TRE has been shown to induce adaptive molecular changes that protect cellular resources while enhancing physical and cognitive performance. Such changes include a reduction in systemic inflammation and an increase in cellular antioxidant potential. One of the examples of TRE effects is the production of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), a ketone body enhancing cognitive functions. BHB, produced in the liver, is an essential energy substrate offering beneficial properties over other energy sources. Conversely, frequent meal consumption and a lack of physical activity can inhibit BHB production, thus diminishing its positive effects. The OptimaMind project aims to study the effects of TRE on biomarkers of cognitive functions, particularly in ageing populations, using various methods. The proposed project will utilise existing biobank samples and different fasting protocol cohort data available in Europe to investigate neuroprotective biomarkers in a diverse population. The expected outcomes include new insights into TRE as a non-pharmacological strategy to enhance cognitive longevity and prevent dementia. The project also aims to inform healthcare providers and the public about practical, evidence-based strategies for maintaining brain health. OptimaMind will influence public health recommendations, clinical practices, and the wellness industry, ultimately aiming to improve cognitive health and quality of life in ageing populations.